VIDEO (Alkane derived compounds)

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ALCOHOL
All alcohols contain the -OH group, for example ethanol. Alcohol has similar chemical properties. All ethers contain an -O- group, for example dimethylters. Ether has similar chemical properties. Groups such as -OH and -O- are replaced in hydrocarbon chains called functional groups. They dominate chemical molecules and provide characteristic properties.
The hydrocarbon chain is the symbol of R. The naming of organic compounds is divided into two, named naming according to IUPAC (systematic name) and trivial naming (common name).
Naming according to IUPAC is established by IUPAC (International Union and Pure Applied Chemistry), whereas trivial naming is a naming system that has been known before the establishment of the naming system according to the IUPAC.
The trivial name is more popular in industry and commerce because of its easy mention.Nomenclature of Alcohol (alkanol) IUPAC:
Alcohol is a derived compound of alkanes whose anto H is replaced by the -OH group.
1) Select the longest carbon chain containing the -OH group as the main chain and name it as the alkane by changing the suffix "a" to the end of "ol"2) Do numbering by giving the lowest possible number on the carbon atom that binds the -OH group.3) If there is a branch, the naming is done like the alkana nomenclature.4) The order of writing of his name is: branch number and branch name (if any) - number of cluster -OH - name of main chain.
Nomenclature of alcoholTrivial nicknames:
Select the longest carbon chain containing the -OH group as the main chain. Name the chain with the name alkyl, that is by replacing the suffix "ana" to "it". Then follow the name with the word "alcohol".
CH3OH: methyl alcoholCH3CH2OH: ethyl alcohol 
ETHER
Ether IUPAC nomenclature:
The method of naming according to IUPAC is to see that the ether is an alkoxy (-O-R ') group attached to an alkane. Therefore, the ether is also called alkoxyalkane. The location of the alkoxy group in the alkane is numbered as to the numbering of the alkyl group from a branched alkane.Trivially nicknames:
If the ether is regarded as an -O group which binds two alkyl (R) groups with the structure: R -O-R ', the method of naming is as follows.
1) Ether having an alkyl group R equal to R 'is called symmetric ether and its name is called dialkyl ether.
2) Ether having R group is not equal to R 'the naming is: alkyl (R) - alkyl (R') - ether, taking into account the alphabetical order.

KETONE
IUPAC Keton Name
The IUPAC nomenclature of ketones simply replaces the suffix -a in alkanes with -on for ketones with the same number of carbon chains. For example, if in alkanes there is propane, then in ketones there are propanones, each of which has the same number of carbon chains, ie three. Ketones are one of carbonyl compounds, which means having carbonyl (C = O) groups in their structure. Since the general formula of the ketone is R (C = O) R ', the shortest ketone is propanone.Propanone
The position number of the carbonyl group in the carbon chain is written on the front. If there are other functional groups, then the numbering starts from the C end atoms adjacent to the carbonyl group. Example:Trivial Keton Name
The naming of the trivial name for the ketone uses the same way for the ether, ie by mentioning the groups attached to the carbonyl group, followed by the mention of the ketone.Acetone






ALDEHYD
Like other organic compounds, aldehydes have IUPAC and trivial (general) nomenclature. Here is the discussion of the nomenclature of aldehydes: 
Name of IUPAC Aldehyde
Simply put, the IUPAC nomenclature for the aldehyde compound is by changing the suffix -a in alkanes with -al for aldehydes of the same carbon chain length. For example, if in alkanes there are ethane compounds, then in aldehydes of the same carbon chain length (2 carbon atoms) is called ethanal.
There are also aldehydes having substituted H atoms with other atoms. Then the substituent is numbered in the order of the carbon atom that binds it.Bromo hydroxy pentanalName of Trivial Aldehyde
The trivial name for the aldehyde group is highly dependent of the aldehyde oxidation-derived compounds. For example, CH 3 COOH can be obtained from the oxidation of CH3CHO compounds. Since CH3COOH is called acetic acid, CH3CHO is called acetaldehyde. In the same way, it can be seen that benzoic acid is derived from the oxidation of benzaldehyde.
Substitution of H atoms is also prescribed for the trivial name. For the name of the trivial aldehyde, the substituent is numbered with the symbols α, β, γ and so on. Example:




























CARBOXYLIC ACIDSCarboxylic acids and esters are functional group isomers having the same molecular formula but different functional groups. The functional groups of carboxylic acids are carboxyl groups -COOH, and in the carboalkoxy group ester (-COOR).
Carboxylic acid or alkanoic acid is an alkane-derived carbon compound containing a carboxyl group -COOH group attached to an alkyl group R. The COOH group is complex because it comprises an oxygen-hydroxyl group such as an alcohol and a carbonyl -CO group as well as an aldehyde And ketones.Carboxylic acid may contain more than one -COOH group, ie an alkanoid acid containing 2 -COOH groups, an alkanatrioic acid containing 3 -COOH groups, and so on.
The simplest carboxylic acid is methanoic acid and most commonly found in daily activities is acetic acid (ethanoic acid / vinegar)The general formula of carboxylic acids is expressed asCnH2nO2The carboxylic acid structure can also be written as a group -COOH bound to an alkyl group R.

    R-COOH R is an alkyl group
NAME OF CARBOKSILATE ACID
There are two nomenclature carboxylic acids, namely the IUPAC nomenclature and the common name (trivial).1. IUPAC nomenclatureSelect the longest carbon chain containing the -COOH group and be named after the alkane by replacing the "a" suffix with the "oat" suffix and plus the "acid" prefix. If the main chain binds the alkyl group as a branch, the numbering starts from the -COOH group.
2. Trivial nicknamesThere is a common name that is better known because the name has been used before the IUPAC.HCOOH Metanoic acid Formic acid (formica = ant)CH3COOH Ethanoic acid Acetic acid (acetamin = vinegar)C2H5COOH Propanoic acid Propionic acid (protopion = first fat)

ESTER
Just like other alkane derivatives, esters have rules in the IUPAC nomenclature:

1. Cluster -COOR in separate ester in its naming, which is divided over -COO and -R
2. The -COO group is an alkanoate group, while the -R group is an alkyl group
3. The R-group is always near oxygen (O) at -COO
4. The next group -COO (not -OR; alkyl) is a branch chain, and, its C atom joins the C atom at -COO (see figure!)
5. The naming is alkyl + alkanoate. Thus, the alkyl group just mentioned the alkanoate group
6. All clusters -COOR get into the main chain
7. In the IUPAC ester naming, if there is a branch, -COO always gets the number 1 and goes in the main chain 

The trivial name of ester

The usual name is alkyl alkyl ester, just like ether  Alkyl alkyl at number 1 is not sorted alphabeticall. In a common name, there must be an O atom in the middle